AD ALTA
JOURNAL OF INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH
decisions, takes general action planning, implementing measures
in achieving the strategic objectives and in the evaluation of
performance indicators. Tactical risk management should take
decisions on tactical level of unit (process) risk management
framework. At the operational level of risk management
decisions are made within the scope of a specific person or group
planning measures (performance risks, such as audit object
selection, assessment of the reliability of the data object,
customs physical controls selection, etc., organizational risk –
employees training, selection of new employees, information
systems etc.). A description of the risk management process is
covered by the strategic and tactical level of risk management,
but is not applied on the operational level, as well as not applied
to the security of information systems, the SRS corruption risk
management, work environment risk management (On the risk
management policies of the State Revenue Service ).
However despite of creation of risk management for basic
processes this risk management process is not connected to
integrity risk management system, because of lack of
methodological link between two independent systems. Also
there are no specific methods to determine activities connected
to the integrity risks and probability evaluation is made by
managers and supervisors based on subjective estimations. The
author recommends to develop corruption and integrity violation
risk estimation in connection with the basic process risks group
of organizational and compliance risk and operational level (see.
Fig.2)
Groups of risks
Risk management levels
Compliance risks
Organizational risks
Strategic
Strategic
Tactical
Tactical
Operational
Operational
Integrity risks
Figure 2. Risks at SRS [compiled by the author]
SRS has divided its activities into three levels – level of
objectives, processes and process operations so each task has
subordinate processes but each process has defined process
operations. SRS has each employee’s job description in which
the responsibilities of an officer, existing process operations
have been reflected, which is a very precise definition of job
responsibilities for the corresponding job, therefore the content
of such document defines entitlement of an officer and what the
job description of an officer does not contain, thus it is possible
to follow goals and objectives that have to be gained in the
corresponding job in the institutional (Petersone, et.al., 2014).
That means that SRS corruption risk register and risk
management system should not be divided from the risk
management system but included in the operational level of
organizational and compliance risks subject to unified
methodology. Additionally Corruption identification will be
supplemented by register of corruption incidents organized in
compliance with Latvian Corruption Prevention and Combating
Bureau (KNAB) Guidelines
As for above mentioned staff factors of the corruption possible
solutions are creation of the effective and efficient risk
management system and creation of the professional customs
administration. Another way to ensure fairness and neutral
customs authority is to develop a professional administration
with clearly defined responsibilities and accountability for
performance. Development of a professional customs authority
is important not only to improve the effectiveness of the
administration, but also to address integrity issues. Professional
customs administration includes professional management
(skilled, knowledgeable managers), appropriate compensation
and working conditions (sufficient compensation to reduce the
incentive to engage in integrity violation practices), staff
rotation, recruitment and training. This leads to integrated human
resource management system and risk management systems inter
alia corruption risk management that can be used for better
performance of tax and customs authorities.
(see. Fig.3)
Figure 3. Proposed interaction of risk management and HRM systems at SRS [compiled by the author]
Human resource (staff) management policy of customs
administration is closely associated with the mission and action
strategy (process management). The purpose of the staff
management policy is to ensure and support achievement of the
mission, strategy results (including objectives and tasks). The
main task of human resource management in the context of
integrity assurance is the need to ensure that the honest man is in
the right position. This can be achieved by analyzing the content
and scope of the work, the necessary staff and planning skills,
mobility of workers, rising of qualifications and career
development opportunities. One of the integrated system
measures could be creation of SRS staff integrity profile. Before
joining SRS, new employees must obtain a “declaration of good
behaviour”. This declaration indicates the individual has no
criminal record or a record of any violation of the law. Upon
employment, the employee is given the agency’s integrity
Coruption Risk Register
Process management
Job description
Customs officer
Personnel recruitment
Training
Evaluation
Selection Integrity Profile
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