AD ALTA
JOURNAL OF INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH
To confirm defined hypotheses H1-H4 there are displayed
relevant results in table 2. According to these values there were
gained two dependencies (in the significance level of 95 %). The
intensity of the dependency is given by contingency coefficient.
The values of contingency coefficient range in <0; 1>, where
values closed to 0 represent weak power of dependence; values
closed to 1 convey strong relationship. Based on results in Table
2 there were confirmed only two hypotheses:
There exist dependency between multi-profession skills and
future 10-years’ threat (significance = 0,000). The intensity
of the dependency is 0,611. Hypothesis H2
0
is declined and
is chosen alternate hypothesis.
Between foreknowledge of industry 4.0 and future 10-yers’
threat is also defined dependence, which confirm value of
significance = 0,002. The power of this dependence is in
0,538. Hypothesis H4
0
is declined and is chosen alternate
hypothesis.
For hypotheses H1 and H3 there are no statistical validation to
believe, that there is dependence. Their significance values are
over 0,05 and is not possible to corroborate their relationship
between variables. In case of H3 observed value is closed to
limit significance value (sig.=0,055) and could be required to
monitor this connection.
Table 2 Gained values of processed test of independence
Pearson
value
Significance
Intensity
H1: Future 10-yers’
threat and educated
profession
6,412
0,268
0,290
H2: Future 10-yers’
threat and multi-
profession skills
41,673
0,000
0,611
H3: Future 10-yers’
threat and
comprehension of
industry 4.0
37,235
0,055
0,589
H4: Future 10-yers’
threat and
foreknowledge of
industry 4.0
28,463
0,002
0,538
Source: own work by authors
Main problem of the industry 4.0 concept is that lot of managers
and employees don’t know specification and relevant definition,
which help them to improve their work setup and single work.
From point of view of country of company there it is obvious
that industry 4.0 would be well known mainly in Europe. Arntz,
Gregory and Zierahn (2016) mention that workers in OECD
countries fear of the automatization, which replace them in
production. Therefore, it is necessary to rebut apprehension and
destroy myths, connected to industry 4.0. This situation confirm
work of Krzywdzinski, Jürgens and Pfeiffer (2015). Table 3
consists values of knowledge Industry 4.0 according to countries
of workers, which participated in the survey.
Table 3 Forknowledge of industry 4.0 according to country of
company
GE
CZE
CA
Total
First meet
4
33
6
43
4,21 %
34,74 %
6,32 %
Know
without
details
15
24
1
40
15,79 %
25,26 %
1,05 %
Know
details
7
5
0
12
7,37 %
5,26 %
0,00 %
Source: own work by authors
To display the connection of industry 4.0 knowledge and country
there is applied correspondence analysis. Gained map, as the
result of the correspondence analysis, shows connection between
country of company and industry 4.0 knowledge in two-
dimensional plain. For creating correspondence analysis and its
map, there is necessary to employ load indicators, which
describe information about specifications of categories, located
in the table. This information is assigned in percentage values.
Values of these loading indicators are acquired such ratio figures
of the frequencies in rows (n
i+
) and columns (n
+j
) according to
all categories in the table (n).
Correspondence map needs to get dimensions score, that indicate
the percentage of represents’ information athwart specified
categories in the computing table. These scores should be
figured such kind of ratio, similar for both of row (n
i+
) and
column (n
+j
) frequencies of all defined individual categories in
basis table.
Score values of individual variables are defined in two different
dimensions, which are indeterminate in space due reduction of
multi-dimension space (within reduced data in both of rows and
columns). This reduction of variables does not degrade specific
information of raw data, which were put into the reduction
process. For confirmation of correspondence analysis there are
used so called inertia indicators, which represent proportion of
comprehensive information on the relevant point of view of new
dimensions. The value of inertia indicators is independent on the
number of original dimensions (Hebák et al., 2007; D’Esposito
et al., 2014).
According to algorithm in correspondence analysis there is
defined relationship between country origin of country (where
companies operates) and knowledge of industry 4.0 as individual
variable categories. The result of correspondence analysis (as
column and row points by two-dimension solution) is depicted in
Figure 1. The usage of symmetrical normalization helps to verify
relationship between variables. Likelihood of application was
confirmed by significance value of Chi-square test, which was
gained at value 0,029.
According to results, displayed in Picture 2, it is obvious, that
knowledge of industry 4.0 concept is well known mainly in
Germany, where this concept was developed. There are two
divergent groups of relationships. For companies, which operate
in Czech Republic, are usually closely connected with
companies in Germany. In case of Canadian companies this
concept is quite unknown for them (according to observed data
in research).
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