AD ALTA
JOURNAL OF INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH
logistics processes and usage of Warehouse Management
System (WMS) on the significance level
α = 0.05, thus
accepting the H
1
hypothesis and rejecting the H
0
hypothesis.
4 Results and discussion
Based on the survey carried out in enterprises in Slovakia, we
found that enterprises would like to improve the information
flow in selected logistics processes with the greatest percentage
of 23.4%. Today, when environmental protection is still
mentioned, predictions for the future tell us to think ecologically
- "green". For this reason, it is essential that we manage the
environment sensibly and prevent the negative effects that affect
it to a great extent at the company level. In this respect, 19.6% of
respondents identified recycling in the survey. Warehouse
management would like to improve 17.2% of respondents and
transport would like to improve 15.3% of enterprises. Among
other logistic processes that Slovak enterprises want to improve,
with a share of 13.1% material flow and handling with 11.4%.
Table 2 summarizes the mean, median, mode, variance and
standard deviation. Within the range of 0 to 6, enterprises most
often identified value of 4 in warehouse management, transport
and recycling. Mode with value of 5 has the information flow.
The lowest values of mode have material flow and handling.
Median with value of 4 have the information flow, warehouse
management and recycling. The value of 3 has median in
transport, handling and material flow. Table 2 shows that values
are the most concentrated by information flow. The standard
deviation has a value of 2.03. Values are the least concentrated
by handling. The standard deviation has a value of 1.5. The
maximum value of mean 3.63 has information flow from
logistics processes. The minimum value of mean 2.15 has
handling from logistic processes.
Table 2: Descriptive statistics of logistics processes
Mean
Median
Mode
Variance
Standard deviation
Information flow
3,63
4
5
4,14
2,03
Warehouse
management
3,02
4
4
2,9
1,7
Transport
2,39
3
4
3,37
1,84
Handling
2,15
3
2
2,24
1,5
Material flow
2,57
3
3
2,35
1,53
Recycling
2,95
4
4
3,55
1,88
Source: own processing
In the survey, we found that with the greatest percentage share of
41%, information systems affect procurement logistics.
Production logistics is influenced by information systems with
percentage share of 32%. Distribution logistics was reviewed by
respondents to 27%. On the basis of table 3, we can see that
procurement logistics under the influence of information systems
have the maximum value of mean 4.07. The minimum value of
mean 3.59 has distribution logistics. The most frequently of
enterprises inclined to value 5 with middle value of importance
in procurement logistics. Production logistics and distribution
logistics have value of modus 4. Median of responses with value
of 5 on a scale from 0 to 6 was achieved by procurement
logistics and production logistics. Distribution logistics has
median 4. Table 3 shows that values are the most concentrated
by procurement logistics under the influence of information
systems. The standard deviation has a value of 1.79. Values are
the least concentrated by distribution logistics, standard
deviation is 1.57.
Table 3: Descriptive statistics of business logistics entities under
the influence of information systems
Mean
Median
Mode
Variance
Standard deviation
Procurement
logistics
4,07
5
5
3,21
1,79
Production logistics
4,05
5
4
2,59
1,61
Distribution
logistics
3,59
4
4
2,47
1,57
Source: own processing
From the results of the survey, we would like to attention that in
the area of selected modern information technologies applied in
the logistics of Slovak enterprises, the greatest percentage 27%
is Warehouse Management System.
Radio Frequency
Identification is used by 11% of respondents. The least
enterprises usage Pick-by-Systems in logistics, with a percentage
share of just 3%. Enterprises will be compel to accept new
technologies under the influence of Industry 4.0, as well as Real
Time Location System, Cloud Computing, the Internet of
Things, as the upcoming digitalization enhances automation and
connects industrial production to create a smart enterprise. In
this way, the enterprise will be able to work as efficiently as
possible and without human intervention or with minimal
intervention. Based on table 4, respondents most often identified
value of 6. This value is concerning Warehouse Management
System. Pick-by-Systems has value of mode 0. Radio Frequency
Identification has mode 1. Based on respondents´ answers is
calculated mean, which maximum value is 3.47 in Warehouse
Management System. The minimal value of mean 0.78 has Pick-
by-Systems. Median of responses with a value of 4 have
Warehouse Management System. The value of 1 has median at
Radio Frequency Identification. Values are the most
concentrated by Warehouse Management System, standard
deviation has value 2.28. Values are the least concentrated by
Pick-by-Systems, standard deviation has value of 1.59.
Table 4: Descriptive statistics of modern information technology
in logistics
Mean
Median
Mode
Variance
Standard deviation
WMS
3,47
4
6
5,18
2,28
Pick-by-Systems
0,78
0
0
2,52
1,59
RFID
1,79
1
1
4,32
2,08
Source: own processing
The survey suggests that the introduction of new technologies
into the logistics of the enterprise is faced with barriers.
Respondents are influenced by input costs at the greatest
percentage of 37%. We justify the high percentage of this
possibility that not every enterprise has sufficient funds to
introduce new modern information technologies. Of course, it is
important to draw attention to the fact that innovation in the
shape of continuous improvement of logistics in the form of the
introduction of new technologies is a significant source of
competitive advantage in the market.
Selected modern
information technologies cannot be implemented in every
enterprise because businesses vary in size, focus, financial and
spatial capabilities. For this reason, 22% of respondents
identified the possibility of implementation. Operating costs said
17% of surveyed enterprises. One of the barriers to introducing
changes in the enterprise is always employees who are afraid
about something new. This possibility is said 24% of
respondents. In Table 5, we can see that the maximum value of
mean 3.32 is at the input costs of modern technology. The
minimum value of mean 2.15 has operating costs of modern
technology. The most frequently of enterprises inclined to value
5 with middle value of importance in input costs. Mode with a
value of 4 are operating costs, possibility of implementation of
modern technologies in logistics and negative attitude of
employees. Median with value of 5 have input costs and the
possibility of implementation of modern technology. Table 5
shows that values are the most concentrated by input costs. The
standard deviation has a value of 1.52. Values are the least
concentrated by operating costs. The standard deviation has a
value of 1.31.
Table 5: Descriptive statistics of barriers to the introduction of
modern information technology in logistics
Mean
Median
Mode
Variance
Standard deviation
Input costs
3,32
5
5
2,31
1,52
Operating costs
2,15
3
4
1,71
1,31
Possibility of
implementation
3,28
5
4
2,21
1,49
Negative attitude of
employees
2,57
4
4
1,88
1,37
Source: own processing
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