AD ALTA
JOURNAL OF INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH
the Report on relations, the paper´s objective was therefore
satisfactorily met and its contribution is clear.
Other companies with similar legal relations should in the future
ensure compliance with the aforementioned legal requirements.
However, it should be noted that not only a breach of this
legislation may cause injury to the controlled party by the
controlling party. In addition, certain injury may be caused either
intentionally or unintentionally to other owners.
Both contracting parties should pay meticulous attention
particularly to contracts in the area of legal and advisory
services, where verification of their adequacy is considerably
complicated, as is verification of the actual provision of the
contract´s subject-matter, as well as their timely payment and
entry in the accounts. It is also necessary to point out that an
irregularity in invoicing between the parties may cause injury to
one of the members of the group of companies. Yet, this did not
occur in the model case presented as invoices were issued and
paid at shorter intervals than previously agreed. Thus, there was
no injury related to the minority owner. Assiduous attention
should also be paid by all companies to unusual invoices for
items not regularly invoiced to them in order to avoid any errors
in financial statements or cash flow. Examples of such invoices
may include bump advertising or necessary needs of
corporations depending on surrounding influences.
Reviewing the Report on relations should consist of two parts,
one of which is verification of formalities required by the
legislation, the other being occurrence of the actual injury itself.
In the above case, the occurrence of injury, theoretically
resulting from the inadequate performance provided, was
addressed. If the inadequate performance was provided without
proper justification, it could be demonstrably classified as
deliberate injury to the controlled corporation and the minority
owner.
Literature:
1. Badriyah, S. M., Mahmudah, S., Djais, M.: Legal impacts
from the bankruptcy of subsidiary company to holding as the
corporate guarantor. IOP Conference Series: Earth and
Environmental Science, 175(1), 2018.
2. Bezouška, P., Piechowiczová, L.:
Nový občanský zákoník.
Nejdůležitější změny [The new Civil Code. Most important
changes]. 1. issue. Olomouc: ANAG, 2013. 375 p. ISBN 978-
80-7263-819-2.
3. Bolger, F., Wright, G.: Assessing the quality of expert
judgment: Issues and analysis. Decision support systems, 1994,
11(1), 1-24. ISSN 0167-9236.
4. Czech Republic.:
Zákon č. 89 ze dne 3. února 2012, občanský
zákoník [Act No. 89 of 3 February 2012, Civil Code]. In: Sbírka
zákonů České republiky [Collection of laws of the Czech
Republic]. 2012a
, částka 33 [amount 33], pp. 1026-1365. ISSN
1211-1244.
5. Czech Republic.:
Zákon č. 90 ze dne 25. ledna 2012, o
obchodních společenstvech a družstvech (zákon o obchodních
korporacích) [Law No 90 of 25 January 2012 on Business
Communities and Cooperatives (Business Corporations Act)].
In: Sbírka zákonů České republiky [Collection of laws of the
Czech Republic]. 2012b
, částka 34 [amount 34], pp. 1370-1482.
ISSN 1211-1244.
6. Fialová, H., Fiala, J.: Ekonomický výkladový slovník
[Economic explanatory dictionary]. 9. issue. Prague: A plus,
2011. 1956 p. ISBN 978-80-903804-5-5.
7.
Ficbauer, D., Režňáková, M.: Holding Company and Its
Performance. Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae
Mendelianae Brunensis, 2014, 62(2), 329-337. ISSN 2464-8310.
8. Hejda, J., Bachr
oňová, N., Divišová, K., Finger, L., Machala,
M., Prosser, M., Vaněčková, B.: Nový zákon o obchodních
společnostech a družstvech [New law on companies and
cooperatives]. 1. issue. Olomouc: ANAG, 2013. ISBN 978-80-
7263-823-9.
9. Cho, M. H.: Ownership structure, investment, and the
corporate value: an empirical analysis. Journal of Financial
Economics, 1998, 47(1), 103-121. ISSN 0304-405X.
10. Irima, E., Stancu, I.: Study of some factors influencing
company performance. Metalurgia International, 2013, 18(3),
126-131. ISSN 1582-2214.
11. Klieštik, T., Vrbka, J., Rowland, Z.: Bankruptcy prediction
in Visegrad group countries using multiple discriminant analysis.
Equilibrium-Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic
Policy, 2018, 13(3), 569-593. ISSN 2353-3293.
12. Knapp, V.: Teorie práva [Theory of law]. 1. issue. Prague:
C. H. Beck, 1995. 247 p. ISBN 80-7179-028-1.
13.
Korotvička, T.: Změny v koncernovém právu po rekodifikaci
[Changes in group law after recodification]. Právní rádce 4,
Economia, a.s., 2013. pp. 30-31. ISBN 1210-4817.
14. Leal, J., Wordsworth, S., Legood, R., Blair, E.: Eliciting
Expert Opinion for Economic Models: An Applied Example.
Value in Health, 2007, 10(3), 195-203. ISSN 1524-4733.
15. Liern, V., Méndez-Rodríguez, P., Pérez-Gladish, B.: A soft
computing approach for ranking firms based on experts´
valuation of corporate social responsibility. Applied
Mathematics and Invormation Sciences, 2015, 9(3), 1113-1122.
ISSN 1935-0090.
16. Moghaddam, N. B., Nedaei, H.: Sahafzadeh, M., Hosseini, S.
H.: A comprehesive Framework for Technologies of
Management (TOM) in holding companies. International
Journal of Techology Intelligence and Planning, 2011, 7(2),
168-179. ISSN 1740-2832.
17. Ryneš, P.:
Podvojné účetnictví a účetní závěrka 2018 [Double-
entry accounting and financial statements 2018]. 18. issue.
Olomouc: ANAG, 2018. 1064 p. ISBN 978-80-7554-116-1.
18. Skálová, J. et al.:
Podvojné účetnictví 2017 [Double-entry
accounting 2017]. 23. issue. Prague: Grada Publishing, 2017.
192 p. ISBN 978-80-271-0423-9.
19. Šelleng, D.:
Trestní odpovědnost právnických osob
začleněných do koncernu – 1. část [Criminal liability of legal
entities included in the group - Part 1]. Bulletin Advokacie,
2018, 4, 39-42. ISSN 1210-6348.
20. Vít, P.:
Praktický právní průvodce pro neziskové organizace:
podle nového občanského zákoníku [Practical legal guide for non-
profit organizations: under the new Civil Code]. 1. issue. Prague:
Grada Publishing, 2015. 160 p. ISBN 978-80-247-5477-2.
21. Wang, Z., Lin, L., Li, H.: Ownership Structure anf Financial
Reporting Transparency: The Empirical Evidence from
Construction and Real Estate Listed Companies in China. 2010
International Conference on Construction and Real Estate
Management, Australia, 2010. pp. 816-820. ISBN 978-7-112-
12612-5.
Primary Paper Section: A
Secondary Paper Section: AE, AH
- 325 -