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JOURNAL OF INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH

Figure 4: Litostratigraphic distribution of aquifers along deepth,
hydrogeothermal regions and perspective geothermal zones of
Bosnia and Herzegovina
(Source: Miosic, Samardzic and Hrvatovic, 2015)

3.3 Identification and classification of thermomineral,
thermal and mineral waters at the region of Ilidza- Sarajevo

According to the criteria of underground water classification
(table 1), the following tables (9, 10, 11) show division of
identified waters at the region Ilidza-Sarajevo into 3 basic
groups: thermomineral, thermal and mineral waters whether
they’re found as springs, sources or wells. Tables also
summarize the physical and chemical characteristics of the
presented waters.

Table 9: Physico-chemical characteristics of thermomineral
sources/ springs in the Sarajevo field: Terma- Ilidza and Slana
Bara- Blazuj according to Cervenjak 1984-1985

Spring:

HCO

TDS (mg/l)

t (ºC)

Terma

260

470

79.3

1342

500

320

3057

57.5

Slana bara

110.7

8.5

370

140

1433

385

124

2596

(Source: Skopljak, 2006. Prepared by authors)

Table 10: Physico-chemical characteristics of thermal waters in
the Sarajevo field: IB-7 Butmir, IB-4 Sokolovic kolonija, SG-1
Rakovica, ''CC Well'' Hadz

ići according to Geoengineering

institute of Bosnia and Herzegovina 1987 and Frescenius
Germany, 2003

Well:

HCO

TDS (mg/l)

t (ºC)

IB-7

1.29

1.35

57.6

9.73

170.8

24.69

14.2

294.9

IB-4

3.01

72.1

23.2

268.8

424.2

CC Well

1.7

0.6

58.2

308

4.8

1.3

407

17.5

SG-1

1.3

1.7

30.2

346

2.8

2.5

461

13.4

(Source: Skopljak, 2006. Prepared by authors)

Table 11: Physico-chemical characteristics of mineral waters in
the Sarajevo field: sources Boljkovici, Azapovici and Buhotina
according to Health institute of Sarajevo 1976-1977

Source:

HCO

TDS (mg/l)

t (ºC)

Buhotina

25.7

225

121

1295.3

13.4

16.6

1697

Boljkovici

2.2

658

144

539.8

1725

10.6

3083

11.5

Azapovici

2.9

622

78.4

586.6

1332

9.40

2639

(Source: Skopljak, 2006. Prepared by authors)

According to the classificational model of medicinal waters
suitable for treatment by drinking or bathing (table 2), all
thermal, thermomineral and mineral waters at Ilidza-Sarajevo are

identified as the water elevated mineralization (total
mineralisation 1-5 g/l), while their temperature gives them
features of balneological waters (as it’s mostly above 18ºC).

However, Jonker (2016) stated that curative waters are classified
according to total mineralization into 3 groups: akrato/ simple,
oligo-metallique and highly mineralized. According to the
Jonker’s classificational model (table 3) which is current
generally accepted mineralization standards use in balneology,
the identified sources (whether it’s springs or wells) at Ilidza-
Sarajevo can be divided into 2 basic groups, while there is no
oligo-metallique type of medicinal waters:

a)

Highly mineral waters: Terma, Slana Bara; Buhotina,
Boljkovici, Azapovici

Akrato/ Simple thermal waters: IB-7, IB-4, CC Well, SG-1

According to the classificational of medicinal waters mineral
content (table 4), waters from the section of “highly mineral
waters” (2 thermomineral springs and 3 mineral sources) at
Ilidza-Sarajevo can be classified as it follows:

a)

Alkaline waters: Terma, Slana Bara; Buhotina; this
responds to Skopljak (2006) determination of
“hydrocarbonated-sulphur-calcic-chloridic” type of
thermomineral water (Terma) and “hydrocarbonated-
sulphur-calcic-magnesyc” type of thermomineral water
(Slana Bara), and alkaline waters (Ca-Mg type) which is
equivalent to “hydrocarbonated-calcic” type of mineral
water (Buhotina)

Sulphurous waters: Boljkovici, Azapovici; this match with
Skopljak (2006) identification of “sulphur-
hydrocarbonated-calcic-magnesyc” type of mineral water
(Boljkovici) and “sulphur-hydrocarbonated-calcic” type of
mineral water (Azapovici)

Respecting the classificational model based on the temperature
of thermal and thermomineral waters (table 5), all sources of
thermomineral, thermal and mineral waters at the region Ilidza-
Sarajevo can be classified as it follows:

According to the criteria of Vintras (1883), Djerkovic
(1971) and Komatina (2004), there are 2 different types of
thermal waters at Ilidza-Sarajevo:

Warm (Slana Bara and IB-7)

Very hot (Terma)

Cold waters (IB-4, CC Well, SG-1, Buhotina,
Boljkovici, Azapovici)

II.

According to the criteria of Spahic (2005), there are 2 types
of thermal and thermomineral waters in this region:

hypothermal (source of Slana Bara and water from
well IB-7), and

hyperthermal (spring of Terma).

III.

But, compared to the contemporary critera of Karagülle
(2014), almost all determined springs at the region belong to
the cold waters, while the only exception is Terma which is
recognized as the main source- hot/ highly thermal spring.
This is nowdays counted as the basic balneologic
classification for medicinal waters (Karagülle & Karagülle,
2014). Jonker (2016) stated that the indicative water
temperature for balneology is 50ºC. Zunic (2015) stated that
termomineral waters with temperature above 58ºC in
Sarajevo are used for the balneology and other purposes.
Miosic, Samardzic and Hrvatovic (2015) stated the spring
with the highest temperature (58°C) in Bosnia and
Herzegovina is in Ilidža - Sarajevo with total power of all
the wells of this deposit of 50 MWt. It proves the Terma’s
undeniable geothermal capacity and balneological value at
the same time.

3.4 Valorisation and balneological indications of Ilidza
waters

Thermomineral waters at Ilidza carring a huge geothermal
potential (Miosic and Hrvatovic, 1999). Valorisation of this
waters resulted in a wide application (warming of objects,
balneological- spa centres, heating pumps, conservatories,

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