AD ALTA
JOURNAL OF INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH
that need to be performed in the course of practical work
(computer workshop, project activities); Reproductive method is
a reproduction of knowledge and methods of activity (collection
of models and designs on the model, conversation, exercises on
the analog), Partly-search method is a solution of problem tasks
with the help of a teacher; search method – individual problem
solving; method of problem presentation - statement of the
problem to teachers, the solution of the problem by teacher, the
participation of students in solving process (6).
The subject of robotics is the creation and use of robots and
other robotics tools for various purposes. Having emerged on the
basis of cybernetics and mechanics, robotics, in turn, gave rise to
new directions of development of these sciences. For cybernetics
it is primarily due to intelligent control, which is required for the
robots, and for the mechanics it is due to multi-chain-type
mechanisms and manipulators.
A robot can be defined as a universal machine for performing
mechanical actions, such as those produced by a person
performing physical work (7). From the creation the first robots
and up to now the model for them are the physical capacities of
man. It is the desire to replace a man in hard work that gave rise
to the first idea of the robot, then the first attempts to implement
it (in the middle ages) and finally led to the emergence and
development of modern robotics and robotics industry.
The versatility of robots implies the possibility of performing
targeted actions that require certain intellectual abilities. This
opens up wide opportunities for the use of robots as the main
technological equipment (in such types of work as assembly,
welding operations, paint coating, etc.), as well as the auxiliary
equipment – to replace workers that are engaged in the
maintenance of such equipment.
As already noted, the objective reason for the emergence and
development of robotics was the historical need for modern
production of flexible automation with the elimination of man
from direct participation in machine production and the lack of
traditional means of automation for this purpose. Therefore, the
task of robotics, along with the creation of the actual means of
robotics is the development of systems and complexes based on
them for various purposes. Systems and complexes automated
with robots are called robotic (7).
When developing models of the implementation of robotics in
the educational process, it is necessary to take into account the
main factors:
1)
The need for practical training of teachers;
2)
Choice of textbooks for students and guidelines for
teachers;
3)
Compliance with the continuity of curricula at different
levels of education;
4)
Taking into account interdisciplinary connections and
coordination of subject programs of education in physics,
computer science, mathematics, technology;
5)
The need for a differentiated approach to learning,
identification of gifted students, their support in the
framework of individual development programs;
6)
The connection of the content of subject training with the
competition and competition activities dedicated to
robotics. Robotics, as an applied science, is based on such
disciplines as electronics, mechanics, and programming
(20).
Accordingly, the school robotics can be integrated with such
subjects as mathematics, physics, computer science (8).
In the national education system, robotics (RT) has become one
of the most popular areas of additional polytechnic training of
students. This is due to the need to focus of the most capable part
of the student youth on choice in the future engineering
professions, as well as the importance of early education of
children in the field of robotic design. In this regard, the school
robotics support system is actively developing. The special
popularity of Tajikistan is provided by the high level of interest
of young people in this sphere of technical activity. Educational
opportunities of robotics as a direction of technical innovation
are extremely high. However, at the present time competitive
robotics and project robotics creativity in the system of
additional education are mainly developing. Methods and
technologies of robotics application in subject teaching have not
yet become the subject of targeted pedagogical research.
Directions and methods of application of robotics in the subject
educational block are not quite obvious. Its introduction into the
educational process is a new direction of the theory and
methodology of Polytechnic education, integrating the
knowledge and experience of teaching a number of school
subjects. Its development should take into account the specifics
of robotic systems as a new and significant in terms of its scope
of the object of technological environment, the possibility of
different areas of subject knowledge in its study, as well as the
features of school education of different levels and profiles.
1.1 The robot as an object of study
The robot in the educational process is, first of all, an
interdisciplinary technical object, the device and the principle of
operation of which is the area of application of knowledge of a
whole complex of Sciences. The study of specific robotic
systems as objects of modern technological environment should
be accompanied by a consistent presentation of special
educational information to students. They should get information
on the history of robotics and modern prospects of robotics. It is
necessary to demonstrate to the students the place and role of
robotic systems in the modern technological environment. It is
necessary to present it in an accessible form of the elements of
the methodology of robotics (general, special): to explain the
essence of the concept of "robot, to demonstrate its distinctive
features; to acquaint with the types of robots and justify the need
to create robots of different types, to give an idea of the basic
laws of robotics and the basic approaches to the design of
robotic systems (9).
Robotics in school is a great way to prepare children for a
modern life full of high technology. It is necessary, because our
life is abundant of various high-tech equipment. Knowledge of it
opens up a lot of opportunities for the younger generation and
will make further development of technologies faster.
Back in 1980, Seymour Papert, who is the founder of the
programming language, in his book suggested using the
computers to teach children. In his suggestion, Papert grounded
in the child's natural curiosity and the tools to meet it. After all,
every child is an architect, building the structure of his own
intelligence, and as you may have guessed, any architect needs a
material with which everything is built. And it is the
environment that is the material for this purpose. And the more
the child has these materials, the more he will be able to achieve
(10, 19).
Training in applied programming is one of the basic courses in
the process of training students from various educational
institutions, entering into the disciplines of the variable part,
mathematical and natural-scientific cycle. The purpose of the
study is to create necessary ideas about modern software
products, development environments and programming
languages, as well as the application of knowledge, skills
acquired in the learning process, in practice.
The best result of the practical application of knowledge, skills
and abilities is achieved by solving problems that carry a
payload. This requirement can perform the use of Arduino in
education
The programming part of Arduino consists of an open program
shell (IDE) for writing programs, compiling them, and
programming the hardware. The hardware part is a set of printed
circuit boards, sold as an official manufacturer, and third-party
manufacturers. Fully open system architecture allows freely
copying or addingto the line of products Arduino (11).
- 345 -