AD ALTA
JOURNAL OF INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH
Having a basic knowledge of the basics of programming in the
environment of Turbo Pascal can provide an optimal transition
to the study of high-level languages. The benefits of using
Arduino in teaching applied programming are expressed by the
following factors: Economic availability is represented by
several models:
Arduino Uno, Arduino Mega, Arduino Leonardo, Arduino Nano,
Arduino Mini.
Easy to learn development environment is an intuitive interface
that allows you to quickly master the development environment.
The Arduino platform supports a very large range of peripheral
devices. Use in software development programming language
based on C++, a high-level language. The technological essence
of the device development process consists in the presence of
sequential execution of instructions. This issue is devoted
sufficient quantity of professional literature and electronic
resources. The Department of information systems and
technologies has the following development, namely laboratory
course “development of interactive devices on the hardware-
software platform Arduino” and “Electronic devices on the
hardware-software platform Arduino”.
Based on the above factors, it can be concluded that the use of
Arduino in training on applied programming will provide
students the opportunity to apply the knowledge, skills acquired
in the learning process, on the hardware, which will motivate
them to further training and consolidate the theoretical part of
the training by doing (12).
Any program written for a robot is an algorithm, i. e. a sequence
of its actions. The robot itself is nothing more than an algorithm
executor. Making the algorithm of robot's actions, students check
its work experimentally, seeing the action of mathematical laws
not in textbooks or notebooks, but in the surrounding real world.
Checking the algorithm in practice allows the revealing of the
correctness of its compilation. The compiled program is
downloaded into the robot's memory, and its verification is
carried out – the robot performs the actions of a given algorithm,
which are evaluated, and then the defects in the program are
eliminated if they are detected. The robot's actions will be
clearly visible at what step of the algorithm the error was made.
Thus, students have the opportunity to link theoretical
knowledge with the real world, based on the experience of their
activities (13).
The content component of training primary school teachers to
implementation of educational robotics, are: the teacher’s
acquisition of basic theoretical knowledge and practical skills in
the field of models design from educational sets, the acquisition
of the basics of programming in graphic environments,
acquisition of methodology of teaching the basics of educational
robotics to younger students in curricular and extracurricular
activities (14). Specifics of teaching programming in
universities, training centers require sufficient and strong
acquisition of basic knowledge. At present, training in
programming is faced with a lack of training time, poor training
and high demands in the labor market. The way to solve the
problem is the formation of sufficient motivation among students
(15).
The students metatechnical knowledge forming is one of the
most important goals of the implementation of the principle of
polytechnical education in its modern interpretation.
Metatechnical knowledge (MTK) means a system of knowledge
about the technosphere: its elements and their interrelation,
peculiarities of functioning, factors and regularities of
development, methodology of scientific and technical
research.MTK is the basis for the formation of students 'ideas
about the modern technical picture of the world - the picture of
the "second nature", determines the development of their
technical thinking of a new type and serves as a regulator of their
life in the techno sphere (16, 18).
Future bachelors need to have the skills of work with modern
software. The study of new information environments gives the
future specialist the opportunity to identify the advantages and
disadvantages of these programs and thus determine the degree
of effectiveness of their use in practice, which will allow
maximization of the use of these programs in professional
activities. In today's competitive environment, professionals
often have to change the job, i.e. change the scope of their
knowledge, skills. Each professional regularly receives new
tasks, new projects for their development and implementation,
he knows that to solve the problem, a comprehensive view of the
problem is necessary (17).
2 Materials and Methods
During the study, we conducted a systematic review of literature
(18) from available articles published over the past five years.
Systematic review is a search methodology that limits systematic
error in the collection, critical evaluation, and synthesis of a
study on a particular topic It plays an important role in choice of
the most effective treatment and preventive and diagnostic
means (19, 20).
The meta-analysis technique, which appeared in the late of 80s,
today belongs to one of the most popular and rapidly developing
methods of system integration of the results of individual
scientific research. For example, up to 50% of all treatment
methods of diseases of the internal organs currently used in the
UK are based on the results of randomized and controlled trials
(RCT) as well as on related meta-analyses (21) characterizes
meta-analysis as a method of "the results combination of various
studies that formed from the qualitative component (for example,
the use of pre-defined criteria for inclusion in the analysis, such
as data completeness, the lack of obvious deficiency in the
organization of the study, etc.) and the quantitative component
(statistical processing of the available data)." In the famous
monograph of I. Chalmers and D. G. Antman "Systematic
reviews" meta-analysis is defined as "a quantitative systematic
review of the literature or quantitative synthesis of primary data
in order to obtain summary statistical measures " (22).
2.1 What is meta-analysis for?
About 2 000 000 scientific medical articles are published
annually currently in the world, not excluding the materials from
numerous national and international conferences, books, etc. In
this situation, the obvious need to synthesize the information
presented in the form of a literature review on a particular issue.
The present descriptive approach to the synthesis of such
information has the main disadvantage — the lacks of
systematicity, in descriptive (non-systematic or qualitative)
reviews strictly scientific methods are not used, whereas in the
presentation of research data they are usually used. As a result,
such literature reviews are difficult to reproduce and often reflect
only the subjective opinion of their authors. The distinct
advantages of meta-analysis include the possibility of increasing
the statistical power of the study, and therefore, the accuracy of
assessment of the effect from the analyzed intervention (this
allows more accurately than in the analysis of each single small
clinical study, to determine the categories of patients for whom
the results are applicable), as well as the relatively low cost and
efficiency of its conducting. Correctly conducted meta-analysis
involves the use of strictly scientific principles (including testing
of any scientific hypothesis, a detailed and clear statement of the
methods used in meta-analysis, including statistical methods, a
fairly detailed presentation and discussion of the results of the
analysis, as well as its conclusions) to reduce the likelihood of
random and systematic errors. This approach ensures the
reproducibility and objectivity of the obtained results.
The results of constantly updated meta-analyses can be widely
used in both practical and scientific terms. First, they allow the
doctor to obtain the most objective information about the results
of research in areas of interest, including a generalized
assessment of the effectiveness of a method of exposure
(therapeutic, diagnostic or preventive). Secondly, meta-analyses
help scientists to:
- 346 -