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JOURNAL OF INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH
behavioural verbs are manifested in the qualitatively-
characterizing nature of their semantics, negative evaluative
component (Aydarova, 2016 ), pragmatism . Connections of
intralinguistic and extralinguistic types characteristic of
behavioural verbs were disclosed. O. M. Isachenko points to the
pragmatic potential of verbs of behavior; their wide functional
range and frequent use in the sphere of interpersonal discourse
are emphasized.
In the mainstream of cognitive linguistics, verbs of behavior
were analyzed in the works of O.M. Isachenko (2000), E.V.
Starostina (2004), A.M. Plotnikova (2009) . So, verbs of
behavior were considered as representatives of behavioral
concepts, behind each of which there is a certain cognitive
scenario (the scenario of deception, the scenario of laziness, the
scenario of pampering, etc.) . E.V. Starostina studied the features
of perception of verbal behavioral vocabulary by participants in
associative experiments and constructed frames describing
various types of behavior. O.M. Isachenko identified the concept
“behaviour” on the basis of linguistic material and revealed the
participation of behavioural verbs in the construction of a
fragment of the linguistic world view.
Lexical semantic group of behavioural verbs were also
considered in the linguocultural aspect. Verbs of behavior,
according to O. P. Zhdanova, reflect the collective experience of
the Russian people in the knowledge of interpersonal
relationships and indicate how one should not behave, indirectly
orient people to observe the rules of social cohabitation. A.M.
Plotnikova (.M. Plotnikova ,2009) identified such behavioral
models important for the Russian linguistic culture community
as deception, pampering, boasting, recklessness, sin, etc., which
were verbalized in an ordered system of verbs of behavior. Verbs
of behavior reflect the normative canon of the language
personality , and is also representative of certain stereotyped
ideas about behavior , which are nationally and culturally
conditioned . Thus, it can be concluded that the group of Russian
verbs is studied rather well in some aspects, which forms a fairly
solid basis for the formulation and solution of other tasks related
to the further study of this lexical semantic group with the
inclusion of new languages.
Lexical semantic group verbs of the behavior of the Tatar
language has not been investigated in a special monographic
study so far. There are works on studying certain aspects of this
group of verbs in other Turkish languages (for example, in the
Tuvan language) (A. Ya Salchak, 2005). The work on the
semantic features of the Tatar verb begun by F.A. Ganiev was
continued by his student R.K. Ishtanova (2002) . In her work, an
attempt to sequentially isolate individual subgroups within the
semantic groups of verbs based on some unifying seme was
made. Verbal lexical units are described in the work not only as
nominative, but also as communicative units of language (R.K.
Ishtanova ,2002: p. 9). Considering the verbs of behavior, the
author classifies them according to the presence of the evaluative
component into the verbs of positive behavior and verbs of
negative behavior. Much work of semantic classification of Tatar
verbs and their annotation for he Tatar corpus was performed by
A. Galieva, O. Nevzorova, D. Suleymanov (Galieva et al, 2016 ;
Galieva et al, 2015 ).
As for the English language, the verbs of behavior were
considered by I. I. Sandomirskaya (1991) in the composition of
emotive verbs (in comparison with the Russian language). The
author studied in detail ways of expressing emotiveness and
creating expressiveness in behavioral verbs (morphological
means, onomatopoeia and sound-symbolism, internal form, play
of the stylistic register, etc.).
A group of verbs of behavior is not found in the well-known
classification by B. Levin (1993), where 49 semantic classes are
analyzed on the basis of common components of meanings.
However, individual verbs denoting insincere behavior are
mentioned among the verbs of masking (masquerade verbs): act,
behave, camouflage, masquerade, officiate, pose, qualify, rank,
rate, serve (Levin Berth,1993, p. 183-184). It is noted that these
verbs require additional predicative components, which, in
particular, are introduced with the adverb as: She masqueraded
as a doctor (Levin Berth,1993, p.184).
The mentioning of English verbs expressing behavior is also
found in the work by Rochelle Lieber (Lieber Rochelle,2004).
The author, considering the word-forming morphemes of verbs
and their meanings, allocates a group of verbs ending in -ize, -ify
with similative meaning. These affixes form verbs from the
nominative framework, expressed as names of common and
proper names: hooliganize, Boswellize, etc. Their meaning is
represented by the following model: “do / act / make in the
manner of or like X” (Lieber Rochelle,2004, p. 77, 81).
Complex consideration of the given lexical semantic group of
the English language from the point of view of structural-
semantic and functional features is absent at the moment. There
is an experience of describing verbs of behavior in other
Germanic languages (in particular, German) (by L.I. Grishaeva
in 1999). The author examined the verbs of the behavior of
modern German as a semantic class of the anthroposphere verbs,
studied in detail the cognitive, semantic-structural and functional
aspects of their description. In work the cognitive structure of the
concept “human behaviour” is modeled, and verbal mechanisms
of cognition stored in the cognitive structure of this concept are
verified. It should be noted that L.I. Grishaeva narrowed the
volume of verbs of behavior and included only those in the
semantic structure of which there is no evaluative seme: for
example, German sich anstellen, sich aufführen, auftreten, sich
aufspielen, sich benehmen, sich halten, handeln, sich stellen, tun,
sich verhalten, sich zeigen, etc. (Eng. behave, conduct, act, etc.).
4 Conclusion
Thus, the linguistic means of nominating an individual’s
behavior are universal for the three structurally different
languages and reflect a fragment of the world image of their
native speakers. The peculiarity of the studied language means
found on the lexical, phraseological, syntactic and textual levels,
is their high degree of evaluation. Man, observing the actions of
others, is inclined to compare them with a certain standard,
adopted in this cultural community, and makes his verbal
assessment. Our review of modern research indicates that these
linguistic units have attracted the attention of linguistic scholars
of the English, Russian and Tatar languages. Means belonging to
the lexical and phraseological levels, received the greatest
illumination in all three languages. Thus, studies on the material
of the Russian language are distinguished by a multifaceted
character: the structural-semantic,
functional, cognitive,
linguocultural peculiarities of a given layer of vocabulary were
considered. We have to state that the above-mentioned funds are
insufficiently studied in the English and Tatar languages. On the
material of the English language nouns, verbs and milling units
that represent the actions of the individual were studied, on the
material of the Tatar language – verbs and verbal phraseologisms
which denote human behavior. In both languages, these means
were considered only in the semantic and linguocultural aspects;
their structural, functional, cognitive features remained
unexplored.
5 Discussion
Despite the variability of research approaches the verb is
recognized as the central and most specialized term for human
behavior among other means in three languages. The analysis of
this layer of vocabulary (in particular, the lexical semantic group
of behavioral verbs ) in a comparative aspect, as the key means
of representing human actions, seems promising, since such an
analysis from the point of view of the anthropocentric approach
will help to reveal the national specificity of the studied
linguistic phenomena, which will provide useful information for
intercultural communication in terms of forming the tolerance of
the language personality.
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