AD ALTA
JOURNAL OF INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH
NICKNAMES IN THE SPORT SOCIETY: LINGVOCULTURAL ASPECTS
a
NATALIA N. BOBYREVA
a
Kazan Federal University, Institute of International Relations,
History and Oriental Studies, 18 Kremlevskaya Street, Kazan,
420008, Russia
email:
a
Nathalienb@yandex.ru.
Abstract: The interest in studying athlete’s nicknames is determined by the fact that
sport is a social institution possessing its own sublanguage and subculture, which are
constantly evolving. Nicknames form a unique lexical layer which reflects and
contribute into the lingvoculture of the sport society. The author of the article is aimed
at describing the formal and semantic features of the sportspeople’s nicknames. The
main method used in the research is the descriptive analysis of structure and meaning
with reference to the extralinguistic background. This material is not systematic, as it
includes structurally, semantically and etymologically various words and phrases, and
the mechanisms of nomination work differently in the process of nicknames creation.
These language items, whose basic function is naming, are normally brief in form and
expressive. The research of athletes’ nicknames is of interest for LSP studies,
sociolinguistics, translation studies, theory of nomination, and culture studies.
Key words: language, culture, society, sport, name, nickname, language for Specific
Purposes, sublanguage of sport, special discourse
1 Introduction
In the modern linguistic paradigm the research of peculiarities of
communication in sport proves to be interesting in terms of form,
content and function. This is predetermined by both linguistic and
extralinguistic reasons. Firstly, sport terminology, professional jargon
and other linguistic items functioning in sport discourse have unique
features and become materials for a complex analysis in works of
researchers (Ismaeva et al, 2016; Abrosimova et al, 2015). Secondly,
the modern world community’s interest in sport is gradually
increasing, sports values and heritage are being reappraised, sport
related events attract more and more attention of mass media. Thus,
various aspects of communication in sport have been exposed to
detailed study: issues of sport discourse, including sports journalism
(Stofer et al, 2010 , Boyle , 2006); methods of teaching English for
Specific Purposes (Kivihall, 2013), publication of special dictionaries
(Russian-English-Latvian-German Dictionary of Sports, 2010).
The language of sports includes terminology, nomenclature and
uncodified language items. The latter comprise sportspeople’s
nicknames, which convey subcultural information and their
research is carried out within the anthropocentric approach.
Different proper names have always been paid attention to in
linguistics and are still within the focus of works (Shitova,2013).
Creating nicknames is a dynamic process and studying it may
include different aspects: etymological, lexical and semantic,
structural, stylistic, axiological, etc. (Vishnyakova et al, 2015).
Thus, considering nicknames functioning in a specified sphere of
communication involves not only merely linguistic analysis, but
demands knowledge of general cultural background, as well as
sports related factual information. At first glance, the world of
sport and its unique culture do not seem complicated or
unavailable for understanding, but within any serious research it
appears to be a sophisticated and multisided phenomena.
2 Methodological Framework
2.1 Objectives of the Research
The paper aims at describing the formal and semantic features of
athletes’ nicknames as part of special vocabulary used in this
sphere of communication. The objective of the article is to
identify the principles of nomination from two points of view:
1) means of creating nicknames; 2) the primary meaning of
words and phrases which become nicknames.
2.2 Factual Material of the Research
The paper presents the results of the study persuaded on the
material of approximately 400 English nicknames of athletes
known for their results in different kind of sports: basketball,
biathlon, cricket, cycling, darts, football, rugby, watersport, etc.
Moreover, nearly 200 collective nicknames were considered as a
separate semantic group. The materials of the research are taken
from the online resources containing lists of nicknames (List of
sportspeople by nickname, 2017; The Least Creative Nicknames
in Sports History; 2017; The Worst Nicknames in NBA History,
2017; The 40 Best NBA Nicknames of All Time, 2013; Football
Team Nicknames, 2017).
The nickname is viewed as an informal proper name given to a
person in accordance with their unique characteristics and based
on some analogy. Athletes’ nicknames are nomination items of
special language that have unique etymology, semantic meaning,
and functional characteristics. The etymology of every item
under study is explored with reference to online encyclopedic
resources, dedicated to sportspeople and history of sports.
2.3 Methods of the Research
Within the research the following methods are applied:
the method of data sampling presupposing studying lists of
sportspeople’s nicknames from online resources;
the descriptive method involving identification,
observation and classification of the studied language
items;
the component and structural analysis aimed at identifying
the sources and means of nicknames formation;
the semantic analysis aimed at studying the semantic
change between the primary and secondary meanings of
the investigated material.
3 Results
As well as any other sublanguage, that of sports keeps
developing, creating different means of naming different realia
related to this area. Every sport event gives popularity to new
stars, who become recognized and supported not only by their
teammates and competitors, but also by millions of sport fans all
over the world. Creation of a nickname becomes a sign of an
athlete’s recognition, respect to results, success in career and
popularity. Any national sport subculture becomes part of
international sport subculture, which has a tendency to be
reflected in the special language. Nicknames in sport also tend to
be international, and that is normal if we take into consideration
the nature and general linguistic peculiarities of proper names.
Names of legendary sportspeople become precedent and are used
in the process of creation of nicknames for other athletes on the
basis of comparison. For example, the surname of Diego
Maradona serves the base to some nicknames referring to other
football players: 1) As one of the most skilful players of his
generation, Hagi earned the nickname “Maradona of the
Carpathians” with worthy comparisons to the great Argentinean
to be found both in playing style and temperament (Gheorghe
Hagi, 2017); 2) Renowned for dribbling runs and playmaking
ability, Karimi was often referred to as the Asian Maradona and
The Magician (WikiVisually: 2004 AFC Asian Cup, 2017).
These sentences represent nicknames as important elements of
discourse, which reflect the athletes’ professional life
characterizing them in mass media and in other different forms
of communication. Some athlete become really outstanding and
unique, which is highlighted in their own nicknames: The King
of Football (Pele); The King of Biathlon (Ole Einar Bjørndalen);
The Princess of Diving (Guo Jingjing); The father of surfing
(Duke Kahanamoku). Thus, a precedent name or a name of a
kind of sport in the nickname composition indicates the
referent’s uniqueness, emphasizes their role in the sport history,
positioning them as a cult figure in the modern society.
Names of fictional characters and people famous for their
activity in other spheres can also be used as a base for athletes’
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